Abstract

Mutation induction on Artemisia cina herbal medicine by gamma rays with the doses of 10, 20 and 40 Gy have been conducted  at PAIR – BATAN. The purpose of mutation for improving of plant traits which were mutant lines more artemisinin content than control plant. The mutant lines interest were collected based on morphological characters (flowers, leaves, roots and stems). Artemisinin contents so far are only found in the leaves, the improvement are expected not only to increase artemisinin content in leaves but also in the roots, stems and flowers of A.cina mutant lines by mutation induction using gamma rays by the doses of 10, 20 and 40 Gy, every dose was selected 8 mutant lines for analysis artemisinin content.To obtain artemisinin from all selected mutant lines, flowers, leaves, roots and stems were extracted by using n-hexan, and then fractionation by ethyl acetate. Artemisinin content were analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and pure artemisinin used as standard.  Mutation induction by the dose of 40 Gy have been improving dry weight of roots from 38.85  to 76.19g, dry weight of leaves of mutant lines from 10 Gy irradiation was two times higher than leaves of parent plant, and three times by the dose of 40 Gy compared to dry weight of leaves parent plant, and no different by the dose of 20 Gy. The highest artemisinin content is 73.13mg/g in leaves of A26a3 mutant line and 36.68mg/g in flowers of A17.1 A.cina mutant lines, both of mutant lines from mutation induction by the dose of 10 Gy. Mutation induction by the dose of 20 Gy could improve artemisinin content in stems part of B12.1 mutant line from non detection in parent plant to 0.83mg/g. Mutation induction by the dose of 40 Gy improved artemisinin content to 1.90mg/g in roots and 1.50mg/g in stems of C27b1 and C8.3 mutant lines respectively. Artemisia cina un-irradiated as parent plant only contain artemisinin in flowers, leaves and roots were 0.13; 0.45 and 0.05mg/g respectively. Dose of 40 Gy is the best dose for enhancement of artemisinin content in each part of A.cina mutant lines.Key word : mutation, production of artemisinin, roots, stems, flowers