Abstract

Abstract. In the last few years there are tendency for cancer study to develop in discovery of new chemical entity (NCE) for new drugs. The needed of NCE based on reality that cancer therapy reaches a resistant level very fast. By developing NCE, multiply cancer drugs can be used at one therapy and be implemented as a solution to inhibit a resistant level and very useful in recovery time. Natural products are the most important sources of NCE and could be used from plants, animals or minerals. Most of the natural products used in Indonesia are recognized from plants. Plants secondary metabolites show promise for cancer chemoprevention, which has been defined as the use of non cytotoxic nutrient or pharmacological agents to enhance intrinsic physiological mechanism that protect the organism against mutant clones of malignant cells. The study of plants secondary metabolites is nowadays moved from improvement of the empiric activity to meet the relationship between the structures of chemical compounds to its pharmacology activities. Development of study on plants in Indonesia is also pointed on discovery of NCE for new drugs of cancer and the cellular cytotoxic mechanism of the biological activity. Extracts from the fruit of P. macrocarpa is one of the sources for NCE of cancer drug in Indonesia. Some isolates already isolated from the extracts, i.e. lignan compound Ci9H2o06: 5-[4(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-tetrahydrofurof3,4-cJfuran-l-yl]-benzene-1,2,3-triol and benzophenon compound: 4', 6-dihiroksi-4-metoksibenzofenon-2-0-glukoside. Using chemotaxonomy Dahlgren and Conqruist system approached indicate that these compounds have anti proliferation and pro apoptotic as their cytotoxic activities. The pharmacology activities from the fruit extracts also have been studied. For cytotoxic activities, the fruit extracts showed ICSo values from 5 to 7.71. jug/ml for leukemia LI 210 cell line; and IC50 values 196.74 jug/ml for HeLa cell line. The extracts also showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values 103.75 g/ml (most active level). Antihistamine activity showed 6.25; 12.5; 25; 50 and 100 %b/v doses could decrease the histamine control significantly (p <0.05). The review article is needed to support a development and improvement of the fruit extracts of P. macrocarpa to be considered as the most important sources of NCE for new cancer drug.   Key words: P. macrocarpa, new chemical entity, cytotoxic