Abstract

Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Rimpang tanaman mengandung amilum, protein, minyak atsiri, kurkumin dan selulosa. Untuk mendukung pengembangan tanaman obat, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balitro) telah melakukan beberapa penelitian temoelawak menggunakan kultur jaringan tumbuhan untuk menyiapkan bibit unggul. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Januari 2002-Januari 2007. Cara kerja dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) menyiapkanplantlet yang sehat menggunakan kultur jaringan, 2) aklimatisasi plantlet di rumah kaca, 3) observasi pertumbuhan dan produksi temoelawak hasil kultur jaringan, 4) efek berat rimpang pada pertumbuhan dan produksi temoelawak hasil kultur jaringan pada generasi pertama, 5) respon generasi kedua temoelawak hasil kulturjaringan terhadap pemupukan, 6) efek plactoburazol pada pertumbuhan temoelawak selama konservasi kultur jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Medium terbaik untuk menghasilkan tunas sehat adalah MS + BA 1,5 mg/l, 2) plantlet hasil kultur jaringan tumbuh baik pada campuran tanah dan arang sekam (1:1) di rumah kaca, 3) prosentase pertumbuhan tanaman 100% selama 10 bulan, pertumbuhan dan penampakan rimpang mirip dengan indukan, 4) produksi rimpang tertinggi oleh rimpang yang besar sebagai sumber bahan, 5) pemupukan tidak berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan diameter rimpang bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol, tetapi menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada lebar daun, batang semu, berat, panjang, lebar dan jumlah rimpang utama. Kandungan kurkumin tertinggiditunjukkan pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan, 6) paclobutrazol 3 mg/l mampu menurunkan pertumbuhan tanaman selama 7 bulan pada periode konservasi. Kultur dapat beregenerasi normal setelah dipindahkan pada medium multiplikasi. Teknik ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk memperpanjang kultur konservasi.AbstractTemoelawak (Curcuma xaruborrbiza Roxb) is one of medicinal crop which is potential to be developed. Plant rhizome contain starch, protein, fixed oil, curcumin and cellulose. In order to support the development of medicinal crops, Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatie Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) has condueted several research of temoelawak using i n vitro culture related to prepare of the healthy planting material. The experiments was condueted from January 2002 to january 2007. The research contains six steps i.e: 1) Preparing the healthy plantlet by in vitro culture,2) Acclimatization of plantlet at the green house, 3) Observation on growth and production of temoelawak from in vitro culture, 4) The effeet of rhizome weight on growth and production of ternoelawak from in vitro rhizome at the first generation, 5) Response of the second generation of temoelawak derived from in vitro culture on fertilizer and 6) The effect of paclobutrazol on the growth of temoelawak during in vitro conservation. The result show that: 1) The best medium to produce the healthy shoots in vitro was MS + BA 15 mg! 1. 2) The plantlet from in vitro culture grew well on the mixture of soil and ashes husk (L: 1) at the green house. 3) The growth percentage of plant were 100% on ten months.The growth and rhizorne performance were similar with the parent. 4) The highest rhizome produced by the weighty rhizome as a source planting material. 5) Fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the number of tiller, plant height, leaf number, length and rhizome diameter compared with control, but significantly increase the leaf width, stem coll, weight, length, width and the number of main rhizome. The highest curcumin content was performed by without fertilizer. 6) Paclobutrazol at 3.0 mg/l could reduce the plant growth during seven months in conservation period. Culture can regenerate normally after transferring into the multiplication medium. The technique can be applied to prolong the conservation culture.