Abstract

The studyofdistribution and risk factorsofleptospirosis was conductedin Bonang Sub district,Demak Regency in May - July 2006. This study aimed to discover the distribution and risk factorsofleptospirosis incidence using cross sectional approach. The leptospirosis cases were determinedbyperipherbloodtest using leptotek lateral flow, while leptotek dri-dotwasusedto test rodent blood.Thedistributionsofcases andleptospires reservoirwereanalyzedby amappingprogramGISand thecharacteristic ofleptospirosis cases were identified using questionnaire. The result showed thatleptospirosis cases spread randomly along Tuntang Lama River and cored in Bonang sub district(Tridonorejo and Gebang villages). The distance betweenleptospires buffer zone and river was about< 50 meters (21 cases), 50 - 100 meters (8cases) and 100 meters(4 cases). The leptospirosisincidence more prevalent in man (74,8%) than woman (25,2%>). The leptospirosis cases were 15 yearsold or more (87,4%), their occupationwere farmer orfisherman (52,6%), housewife(36,2%) andseller (20%). Their house were easy enteredby rats 74,6% (RR; 23,6-33,2).Thepeoplewho gotleptospires common using water from the river for their daily activities 83,2% (RR; 15,4-17,6) andthey have not any cattle 82,5%)(RR; 1,6-4,7). During the survey was found 57 rats, such asRattustanezumi 36 rats,Norwayrats, R. norvegicus21 rats and theinsectivore Suncusmurinus15 rats. Inaddition,R.tanezumi andR. norvegicuswere foundinfected byleptospires and they wereestimatedasleptospirosisreservoir.Keywords:leptospirosis, DemakRegency,epidemiology,reservoir.AbstrakStudidistribusi dan faktor risiko lingkungan leptospirosis telah dilakukandi KecamatanBonang,KabupatenDemak,padabulanMei- Juli2006.Tujuanpenelitianadalahmengetahuipenyebarandanfaktor risiko lingkungan kejadian leptospirosis di daerah penelitian. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan cross sectional. Penentuan kasus leptospirosis dengan pemeriksaan darah tepimenggunakanleptotek latteral flow, sedangkanuntuktikus menggunakanleptotek dridot.Distribusikasusdan reservoir leptospirosis dianalisisdenganpemanfaatanprogrampemetaan. Karakteristikkasus leptospirosis dikajidenganmenggunakankuesionerterstruktur. Hasilpenelitianmenunjukanbahwaleptospirosis tersebar secara random di sepanjangtepi sungai TuntangLamadanterfokus diKecamatanBonang (DesaTridonoredjo,danGebang).Buffer Zonekasus leptospirosis dansungaiberjarak < 50 m (21 kasus), 50 - 100 m (8 kasus) dan > 100 m (4 kasus). Kasus leptospirosis berjeniskelamin laki-laki (74,8%) lebih banyak daripada perempuan (25,2%). Kelompokumur kasusleptospirosis >15tahun (87,4%), pekerjaan petani/nelayan 52,6%, ibu rumah tangga 36,2% danpedagang 20%. Kasus leptospirosis pada umumnya rumah tidak rapat tikus 74,6% (23,6 - 33,2) danmemanfaatkan air sungai di depan rumahnya83,2%>(RR ; 15,4 - 17,6), dan tidak mempunyai hewanternak 82,5% (RR; 1,6 - 4,7). Selama survei ditemukan 57 ekor tikus, meliputi tikus rumah Rattustanezumi sebanyak 36 ekor, tikus gotR. norvegicus2\ekor, dan cecurutSuncusmurinus(cecurut rumah) sebanyak 15 ekor.R.tanezumi (6,82% dari 36 ekor tikus) dan tikus gotR. norvegicus(3,6%>dari21ekortikus)terinfeksibakteriLeptospira.Katakunci;leptospirosis, Demak,Epidemiologi,Reservoir