Abstract

KANDUNGAN KOMPONEN FENOLAT, KADAR FENOLAT TOTAL, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MADU DARI BEBERAPA DAERAH DI JAWA DAN SUMATERA Study of Phenolic Compounts, Total Phenolic, and Antioxidant Activities of Monofloral Honeys from Some Areas in Java and Sumatera ABSTRACT Background. Many diseases resulted from degenerative processess which can be inhibited by antioxidant systems. Honey is one of food with antioxidant activity. Objective. This study aims to investigate antioxidant activities of several types of monofloral honey from Java and Sumatera. Method. A laboratory experimental study, conducted on 4 types of floral honeys: coffee, palm trees, cottonwoods and rambutan. Determination of phenolic compounds was performed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and measurement of total phenolic contents performed with Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent. Antioxidant activity was conducted in two ways, those were by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrasyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and linoleic acid peroxidation method using butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) as a standard. Data were analyzed using Analysis of varian (Anova) and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Result. Four types of Javanese and Sumateranese honeys contained some phenolic compounds. Those are chlorogenic acid, cafeic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, pinobanksin, quercetin, luteolin, pinocembrin and chrysin while the dominant fenolic compound varies between honeys. Total phenolic contents from four types of honey were between 2.000 to 4.400 ppm. The highest phenolic content was in honey from cottonwoods, but the best antioxidant activity was found in honey from coffee. Antioxidant activities were found in honey which come from the following order: coffee, cottonwoods, palm trees, and rambutan honey. Antioxidant activities did not correlated with total phenolic content. Conclusion. Javanese and Sumateranese honey contained nine active substances that varies in total phenolic contents. The best antioxidant activity was found in coffee honey, and this activity did not correlated with its total phenolic contents. Keywords: antioxidant, monofloral honey, phenolic ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Banyak penyakit yang dapat timbul karena proses degeneratif yang dapat diperlambat dengan adanya sistem antioksidan. Madu merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan berbagai jenis madu dari beberapa daerah di Jawa dan Sumatera. Metode. Penelitian laboratorium terhadap empat jenis madu yaitu madu bunga kopi, sawit, randu dan rambutan. Penentuan kandungan komponen fenolat dilakukan dengan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dan pengukuran kadar fenolat total dilakukan dengan reagen folin-ciocalteu. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur berdasarkan peredaman radikal bebas 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan retensi dalam sistem asam linoleat dengan standar butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Analysis of varian (Anova) dilanjutkan Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Korelasi antar analisis dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Pearson. Hasil. Keempat jenis madu yang diteliti mempunyai kandungan fenolat berupa asam klorogenat, asam kafeat, asam ρ-koumarat, asam ferulat, pinobanksin, quercetin, luteolin, pinocembrin dan chrysin. Komponen fenolat dominan untuk tiap madu bervariasi tergantung jenis madunya. Kadar fenolat total pada keempat jenis madu antara 2.000 sampai 4.400 ppm. Kandungan fenolat total paling tinggi terdapat pada madu randu, namun aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh madu kopi. Urutan besarnya aktivitas antioksidan berturut-turut adalah madu kopi, madu randu, madu sawit, dan madu rambutan. Aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi tidak berbanding lurus dengan kandungan fenolat totalnya. Kesimpulan. Madu dari beberapa daerah di Jawa dan Sumatera mengandung sembilan senyawa aktif, dengan kadar fenolat yang bervariasi. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada madu bunga kopi dan aktivitas ini tidak berkorelasi dengan kandungan fenolat totalnya.Kata kunci: antioksidan, fenolat, madu monoflora